生物统计概述
一、什么是生物统计(biometrics;biostatistics)
生物统计学是一门探讨如何从不完整的信息中获取科学可靠的结论从而进一步进行生物学实验研究的设计,取样,分析,资料整理与推论的科学。简单点 说,就是用统计方法研究分析生物/医学上的数据。属于跨学科专业,跟数学、统计生物信息、计算机 (尤其是data mining) 等关系很密切。
二、专业设置
很多学校把这个专业设置在公共健康学院(SPH,School of Public Health) 里面。有些学校不单独设置生物统计系,但是他们统计或者应用统计系的很多老师实际上是研究生物统计的。
主修课程:
? Data AnalysisWorkshop
? Statistiics for Laboratory Scientists
? Data Managemaent
? The SAS Statistical Package
? Biostatisticsc in Medical Product Regulation
? Analysis of Biological Sequences
? Survival Analysis
? Design of Clinical Experiment
? Methods in Biostatistics
? Spatial Analysis and GIS
? Advanced Methods in Biostatistics
? Statistical Computing
三、毕业前景
美国生物统计学研究生的毕业生不管是硕士还是博士,都很好找工作。博士毕业生可以作 faculty 之外,公司里也有很多职位,尤其是pharmaceutical company( 制药公司) 或者biotech 公司很需要 biostatistician 。此外,有的毕业生也进入金融和保险行业。这几年很多美国的大制药公司很不景气,所有的大公司都先后进行了大规模的裁员,但是这并不影响生物统计的就业。 尽管生物统计并不是公司里的核心部门,但是任何有大量医学/生物数据需要处理的公司,都需要一个稳定的 Biostatistician team来 support,所以尽管行业不景气,但是除非公司倒闭,否则我从来没听说过有任何作生物统计的被裁掉。现在生物统计专业还是需求大于供给,尽管开始趋于 供需平衡。
就业方向:
1、 制药公司或者生物技术公司很需要
2、 金融和保险行业。
3、医院或者科研机构工
综述:
生物学、医学、农学和环境学中的生物统计专业、统计专业、公共卫生专业、流行病专业;生物化学、软件、统计咨询、生物统计和环境咨询 医学诊断学和治疗技术、医药信息、医学临床实验 制药、生物技术、食品科学、营养学、基因数据库 生命保障、健康保障、健康治疗和维护健康组织 等领域。
四、申请难度
难度系数是非常大的,甚至大于一些热门的工科专业,而且很难拿全奖,是因为生物统计最大的竞争来自于美国本土学生。因其就业形势好,工资待遇高,所以很多美国学生也参与到这个专业申请大军之中。
另外一点,开设相关专业的学校也就200来所,无形中也增加申请的难度。
五、什么样的人可以申请生物统计?
1、 统计学
2、 应用数学
3、 计算机信息技术
4、 生物学
六、哪些学校开设这个课程?
以下举例几个国际学生常申请的学校
1、南加州大学 Master's Degrees,PhD
入学要求:GRE无具体要求;GPA 3.0;IBT100
申请截止时间:秋季截止期,12月1日
申请费:$85,52%的录取率
2、威斯康星大学-麦迪逊校区 PHD—医学院
入学要求:无具体要求 可提供part–time课程
3、丹佛大学MS,PhD
无具体要求,需要参加入学测试
4、加州-伯克利MS,PhD
入学要求,GRE General Test,GPA of 3.0,IBT 100
申请截止期:秋季截止12月1日
申请费:$70 ($90国际生)
5、纽约州立-阿尔伯尼MS,PhD
入学要求:GRE General Test; IBT 90; GPA:3.0
申请截止期:春季截止11月30日;秋季截止12月1日
申请费:$75
学生平均年龄32岁
6、纽约州立-水牛城MA,PhD
入学要求:GRE General Test ; IBT 79; GPA:3.0
申请截止期:春季截止11月30日;秋季截止12月1日
申请费:$50
申请截止期:4月1日
7、俄亥俄州立大学 PHD
入学要求:GRE General Test; IBT 100; GPA:3.0
申请截止期:春季截止11月1日;秋季截止7月1日
申请费:$50
8、圣路易斯大学MPH,MS,MSPH
入学要求:GRE 无具体要求,LSAT,GMAT或者MCAT ; IBT 90 GPA:3.0
申请截止期:春季截止11月1日;秋季截止5月1日
申请费: $40
9、犹他大学MPH,MSPH,PhD
入学要求:GRE General Test;IBT 90;GPA:3.0
申请截止期:秋季截止2月15日
申请费:$65
10、伊利诺伊大学-芝加哥MPH,MS,DrPH,PhD
入学要求:GRE General Test;IBT 80; GPA:2.75
申请截止期:春季截止11月1日;秋季截止7月1日
申请费:$50
七、部分学校介绍
12/29University of Michigan-SPH- Department of Biostatistics
Ann Arbor, Michigan
? Programs Offered: MPH, MS, PhD
? Application Areas :
Bioinformatics ,Brain Imaging ,Cancer ,
Analysis of Sample Surveys,Clinical Trials ,(rolling admission)
Endocrinology ,Epidemiology ,Statistical Analysis
Genetics ,Organ Failure and Transplantation
? Entrance Requirements:GRE ,TOEFL 84ibt
? Applicants for the Doctoral Program would usually have a relevant Master's Degree (i.e. a graduate degree comparable to our M.S. in Biostatistics), although strong candidates with Bachelor’s degree will be considered for Ph.D. admissions.
? Course:calculus, matrix or linear algebra, and an introductory course in statistics or biostatistics.
Students with less preparation in mathematics or statistics may be conditionally admitted.
Student Statistics: Average age 27. 226 applicants, 43% accepted, 31 enrolled
3/41University of Washington-SPH- Department of Biostatistics
Seattle, Washington
? Programs : MPH, MS,PhD
? Research area: Statistical methods for survival data analysis, epidemiological case control and cohort studies, statistical genetics.
? 尤其在Bayesian Biostatistics ,Cancer Research ,Clinical Trials, Longitudinal Data Analysis ,Survival Analysis方面很强
? Entrance Requirements:
? GRE, TOEFL, minimum GPA of 3.0.
advanced calculus,linear algebra, mathematical probability, math/statistics
? 相对偏好mathematics, statistics, and biology 背景的学生。生统系的Xiaohua Zhou教授 经常回国内做一些讲座
? Student Statistics:187 applicants, 20% accepted, 21 enrolled
Cost of Study:$7,500 per quarter
5/13The Johns Hopkins University-SPH- Department of Biostatistics
Baltimore, Maryland
? Programs Offered: MHS, ScM, PhD
? MHS (Master of Health Sciences):
需要有一年在biostatistical theory and methods上的专业学习.
? 研究领域非常广泛如:
Statistical genetics, bioinformatics, statistical computing, statistical methods,, Epidemiologic statistics, Image analysis, Mental Health, Risk assessment, Survival analysis
尤其在Clinical trials, Environmental statistics, Longitudinal data analysis 方面有大牛的教授
? Application Requirements
GRE TOEFL 课程calculus and matrix algebra
flexible about prior coursework. Medical students are encouraged to consider our joint MD/PhD program.
Student Statistics: 197 applicants, 22% accepted, 22 enrolled
建议申请Master,以后转读PHD也相对容易。对国内北大复旦科大的学生相对友好
17/64 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus-SPH Minneapolis, Minnesota
? Programs Offered: MPH, MS, PhD
? Research area: Analysis of spatial and longitudinal data, Bayes/Empirical Bayes methods, survival analysis, longitudinal models, generalized linear models.
? Entrance Requirements:
GRE ,TOEFL 90 iBT
Master:applied statistics, computer programming, multivariable calculus, linear algebra;
Doctorate:bachelor's or master's degree in statistics, biostatistics or mathematics.
Experience with a programming language (eg. Java, C, Python) is helpful, but not required.
Student Statistics: 100 applicants, 49% accepted, 20 enrolled.
Student Population: 47 full-time (28 women), 12 part-time (9 women); includes 2 minority (both Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders), 36 international.
33/4Columbia University-SPH-
? Programs Offered: MPH, MS, DrPH, PhD.
? PHD需要有Master’s degree in biostatistics or statistics
? DrPH需要有MPH degree or its equivalent
? Accelerated Predoctoral Training (MS/APT) Track是为准备读博的同学专门准备的
? Research: Statistical methods and public health implications of: biomedical experiments, clinical trials, functional data analysis, statistical genetics, and observational studies.
? Entrance Requirements:
GRE ,TOEFL 100 iBT
mathematical, biological, physical or social sciences 专业的学生优先
课程要求:calculus ,linear algebra
? Student Statistics: 147 applicants, 48% accepted, 18 enrolled
对科大学生很友好,07-09连续三年给了offer
12/111North Carolina State University
? 没有生统系,但是统计系里有Biostatistics Working Group
? Research area:Longitudinal Analysis ,Bayesian Inference ,Spatial Statistics ,Survival Analysis ,Statistical Genetics ,Causal Inference and Biomedical Study Design ,Mixed Models
? Almost每年都会给北大offer
? Entrance Requirements:
GRE ,TOEFL 20/20/20/20
64/120 University at Buffalo, the State University of New York-SPHHP- Department of Biostatistics
Buffalo, New York
? Programs Offered: Offers biostatistics (MA, PhD)
? Research: Biostatistics, longitudinal data analysis, nonparametrics, statistical genetics, epidemiology.
? Entrance Requirements: For master's, GRE, 3 semesters of course work in calculus (mathematics), course work in real analysis (preferred), course work in linear algebra; for doctorate, GRE, master's degree in statistics, biostatistics or equivalent.
Required–TOEFL (minimum score 640 paper-based; 250 computer-based; 79 iBT).
Student Statistics: Average age 31. 99 applicants, 58% accepted, 24 enrolled
Student Population: 32 full-time (19 women), 7 part-time (3 women); includes 8 minority (2 African Americans, 6 Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders), 21 international.