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Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法
英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化：
以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：
肯定句
I am invited.
He/She/It is invited.
We/You/They are invited.
否定句
I am not invited.
He/She/It is not invited.
We/You/They are not invited.
疑问句
Am I invited?
Is he/she/it invited?
Are you invited?
Are we/they invited?
肯定回答
Yes, you are.
Yes,he/she/it is.
Yes,I am./We are.
Yes,we/you/they are.
否定回答
No,you aren't.
No,he/she/it isn't
No,I am not./We aren't
No,we/you/they aren't
二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下：
被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。
一般现在时的被动语态为：主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态为：主+was / were +过去分词
例如：
我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态.
born是个过去分词(bear)
-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989.
现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者短语
Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。
The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型
It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：
(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语
(2)动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词
(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。
主动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou.
They use this key for locking the classroom door.
Many people speak English.
He wrote a letter.
They are building a road.
被动语态
Trains are made in Zhuzhou.
This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).
English is spoken by many people.
A letter was written by him.
A road is being built (by them).
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