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中考英语考点精讲：形容词和副词
(一)形容词和副词的用法
1)形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。
2)在句中主要做定语和表语等成分。做定语时修饰名词或代词(一般为不定代词)，修饰名词时常放于名词前，修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后，做表语时和系动词连用，构成一个系表结构。
例如：
Can you hear the loud noise?(定语)你听到大的喧闹声了吗?
The noise is very loud.(表语)喧闹声很大。
The quiet girl is my sister.(定语)那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。
My sister looks very quiet.(表语)我妹妹看起来很安静。
I have nothing new to tell you.(定语)我没什么新东西告诉你。
3)常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有：
Look(看起来，看上去)，feel(感觉)，taste(尝起来)，smell(闻起来)，get(变得)，turn(变)，become(成为，变得)，sound(听起来)等。
例如：
The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring.春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。
The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
You look fine.你看起来气色很好。
4)副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。
例如：
The men and the women walk quickly.这些男人和女人走得很快。
The children walk slowly. 孩子们走得很慢。
They often laugh loudly. 他们经常大声地笑。
Unluckily he hurt his leg. 不幸的是，他伤了腿。
(二)形容词和副词比较级最高级的变化
1)规则变化
构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er/-est small
fast
young smaller
faster
younger smallest
fastest
youngest
以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r/-st brave
large
cute braver
larger
cuter bravest
largest
cutest
以重读闭音节结尾的词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er/-est big
hot
sad bigger
hotter
sadder biggest
hottest
saddest
*以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er/-est easy
busy
funny easier
busier
funnier easiest
busiest
funniest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在形容词原级前面加more或most exciting
delicious
famous
loudly more exciting
more delicious
more famous
more loudly most exciting
most delicious
most famous
most loudly
*这种双音节词很多都是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节形容词。
2)不规则变化
原级 最高级 比较级
good/well best better
bad/badly/ill worst worse
many/much most more
little least less
old oldest
eldest older
elder
far farthest
furthest farther
further
(三)比较级用法：
1)表示两者(人或事物)的比较，形容词或副词比较级之后用than引出比较对象。
China is bigger than the USA.
This book is more exciting than that one.
注意：比较的对象要表达明确。
My ruler is longer than yours.
2)自身不能与自身进行比较。
3)在形容词或副词比较级前，有时可以用much, a little, far, a lot ,even等来修饰，如much better;a little taller.
(四)adj, adv最高级的用法：
注意：
1. 它是在一定范围内的最……
(≥3)He is the tallest of those three.
2. 所举的对象一定在范围内。
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
用最高级的几种情况(句式)
1. 当有in/ of，而且of 后不是两者时。
2. 在One of +adj的最高级+ns中。
One of the most famous sights.
3. Which is the best, the red one ,the white one or the green one?
Which / whose/ who, 引导的选择疑问句，有三者以上的选项时
4. The Huang River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
当形容词和副词前有序数词修饰时，多用最高级
(五)原级、比较级、最高级的句型转换
1. “not as/so+原级+as”结构可转化为比较级than的结构
如：David didn’t run as fast as Li Lei——Li Lei ran faster than David.
——David run more slowly than Li Lei.
This book isn’t as interesting as that one.——That book is more interesting than this one.
——This book is less interesting than that one.
2. 两个原级的句子合并成含有比较级的句子。
Li Ping is ten years old.
Wei Hua is seven years old.
1)Li Ping is older than Wei Hua.
2)Wei Hua is younger than Li Ping.
3)Li Ping is three years older than Wei Hua.
4)Wei Hua is three years younger than Li Ping.
3. 两个原级的句子合并成含有as… as的原级比较的句子。
1)I’m ten years old. Lucy is ten years old too.
——I’m the same age as Lucy.
2)I read two books Lucy read two books too.
——I read as many books as Lucy.
4. 比较等级的句子中含有any, anyone, anything, other等时，可与最高级的句子进行转换。如：
1)Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.
the other cities in China.
the others in China.
——Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)Zhang Hai jumps higher than any other student in the class.
the others in his class.
the other students in the class.
anyone else in the class.
——Zhang Hai jumps(the)highest in the class.
5. 含有比较级的句子可与含有反义词的句子进行转换。
如：This ruler is longer than that one.
——That ruler is shorter than this one.
Traveling by air is more expensive than traveling by train.
——Traveling by train is less expensive than traveling by air.
6. “like…better”可与“prefer”进行转换。
1)Which coat do you like better? ——Which coat do you prefer?
2)I like red better than black. ——I prefer red to black.
3)I like singing better than dancing. ——I prefer singing to dancing.
7. “like…best”与“favorite”进行转换。
1)Which coat do you like best? ——Which is your favorite coat ?
2)I like bananas best. ——My favorite fruit is bananas.
8. “as...as” 与 “ the same…as” 进行转换。
This bike is as big as that one. ——This bike is the same size as that one.
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