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2020考研英语：长句小练精讲解析8
Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
【分析】
句子的主干为Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句，修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导的定语从句中，in its strongest form是插入语，谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句：一是that language imprisons the mind，一是and that the grammatical patterns…society。
【词汇】
come to 逐渐
state v.阐明
imprisons the mind“禁锢思想 (或思维)”, 注意不能译成“把大脑 (或思想) 关进牢房”
far reaching深远的
consequence影响
【译文】汤姆逐步开始相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
精讲2：
The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
【分析】
本句主语的重要词汇是The great interest in exceptional children，后面是分词结构作后置定语shown in public education over the past three decades，其中over the past three decades是时间状语。谓语动词是indicates, 宾语是the strong feeling in our society, that引导分割式同位语从句解释the strong feeling，从句中all citizens是主语，后面是插入语，谓语部分是deserve the opportunity to…。
[语法知识拓展]
分割式同位语从句指的是先行词和关系词之间还带有其他成分，通常是介词短语。如何判断是不是分割式，一是看从句的动词形式，比方说I know many places in the world that have their own cultures. 从句中动词是have，显然前面的名词是places，不是world。二是根据句意。
【词汇】
show great interest in对…表示强烈的兴趣
deserve the opportunity to 享有…的机会
【译文】在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
精讲3：
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
【分析】
句首是as引导的状语从句，其中move away from后面接了三个并列的宾语their stable community, their friends of many years和their extended family relationships，主句是and连接的两个句子组合而成的并列句，前面一个句子的主语是the informal flow of information，谓语是is cut off，后面一个句子中，with it是状语，主语是the confidence，后面that引导同位语从句。注意：后面分句本身结构是the confidence that…. is cut off，由于and前后并列，句尾的is cut off被省略。
【词汇】
stable 稳定的
cut off切断
trustworthy 值得信赖的
reliable 可靠的
【译文】随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
精讲4：
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
【分析】
the change是主语，and并列两个谓语动词met和prevented，the technical requirements of the new age是met的宾语，by引导状语，the decline in efficiency是prevented的宾语，that引导定语从句。
【词汇】
engage 从事引入或吸引
meet the requirements of the new age满足新时代的要求
spoil 损坏 [spare the rod, spoil the child.棍棒底下出孝子。]
energetic 充满活力的
【译文】这种变化过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且这种变化阻止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
精讲5：
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【分析】
句首是状语，其中During the discussion of rock singing verses表示对象，at表示地点，last month's stockholders' meeting是具体的地点，主干结构是Levin asserted that….and cited his son，that引导宾语从句，a teacher in the Bronx, New York是插入语，也是his son的同位语，who引导定语从句修饰his son。
【难词】
verse诗篇，在这里是语境含义
stockholder股东
assert宣称
ill是熟词僻义，表示问题
cite sb.以…为例
【译文】在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，Levin宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
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