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2021考研英语翻译:不定式和动名词做主表
一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
二、不定式、的动名词和分词作表语
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、的“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、的“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
Traveling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.
他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.
听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
2021考研英语翻译:9类虚拟句型
1、由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
2、had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
3、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如:
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.
我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
4、It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.
现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
5、as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
6、由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如:
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.
她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
7、if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for:
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
8、 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。
9、其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
2021考研英语翻译:3类名词性从句
一、主语扩展
I, the most considerate and handsome boy in the world, love you.
这句话通过给主语添加同位语the most considerate and handsome boy in the world使其变复杂了
I ,who is the most considerate and handsome boy in the world ,love you.
这句话通过给主语添加who引导的定语从句who is the most considerate and handsome boy in the world,使其变复杂了
二、谓语扩展
I love you with heart and soul.
这句话通过给谓语动词love添加介词短语with heart and soul作状语,使其变复杂了
I love you more than I can say.
这句话通过给谓语动词love添加比较状语从句more than I can say作程度状语,使其变复杂了
I love you, willing to do everything for you.
这句话通过给谓语动词添加分词短语作伴随状语,使其变复杂了
三、宾语扩展
I love you, the smartest girl in the world。
这句话通过给宾语添加名词短语the smartest girl inthe world作同位语,使其变复杂了
I love you who is the smartest girl in the world。
这句话通过给宾语添加who引导的定语从句who is the smartest girl in the world做定语,使其变复杂了
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