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2021考研英语：阅读难句练习精选二
六、状语从句
【难句】1. The engines would have variable nozzles, which would be fully opened on take-off and landing, so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet, and narrowed when the aircraft was cruising, providing the necessary speed. (The Economist Nov. 9, 2006)
【结构分析】 本句是主从复合句。主句为The engines would have variable nozzles。其后的定语从句比较复杂，以逗号后and为切入点，得到which would be fully opened…and narrowed…，关系代词which指代先行词nozzles在从句中作主语。其中so that引导的结果状语从句so that the exhaust would be slow and relatively quiet说明(nozzles)would be fully opened on take-off and landing情况发生时所产生的结果，句末的现在分词结构providing the necessary speed 作(nozzles)would be narrowed when the aircraft was cruising情况发生时的伴随结果，其中when引导的从句作时间状语。
【参考译文】 引擎将配有各种各样的尾喷管，在起飞和降落时这些尾喷管会全部打开，这样喷气速度会下降，噪音也会更小;而在飞机巡航过程中，尾喷管将变小以保证必要的飞行速度。
【难句】2. If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact, for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)
【结构分析】 以连词for为切入点，得到两个并列结构，分别为If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact和for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU。前一分句中，if引导从句If it decides in favour作条件状语;后一分句中，谓语affect的宾语部分使用了not just…but…结构，句末的定语从句that fly into and out of the EU修饰先行词those。
【参考译文】 如果意见是肯定的，那么整个民航业将受到影响，因为这个方案不仅影响欧洲的航线，同样也对到达欧洲和飞离欧洲的航线产生作用。
【难句】3. The business director concentrates on planning and practicality, whether it’s deciding how to change a company’s business strategy or ensuring that everyone attending a meeting can see the overhead projector. (The Sunday Times Jan. 11, 2006)
【结构分析】 本句的主句在逗号前The business director concentrates on planning and practicality，后面的让步状语从句由whether引导。在从句中，由or并列了两个谓语be deciding 和ensuring。decide的宾语由how to do的形式充当，ensure的宾语由that引导的名词性that everyone attending a meeting can see the overhead projector构成，注意everyone的后置定语是一个现在分词结构，我们可以还原成一个定语从句，who is attending…
【参考译文】 商业导演集中于计划和实施，不管是决定怎样改变一个公司的商业战略，还是保证每位参加会议的人都能看到头顶的放映机。
【难句】4. Some jobs require specific qualifications but most top employers will take any degree discipline provided you’ve got a first or an upper second from a decent university. (Times Online Jan. 11, 2007)
【结构分析】 以but为切入点，定位本句为两个并列分句Some jobs require specific qualifications but most top employers will take any degree discipline…句末部分的provided引导条件状语从句provided you’ve got a first or an upper second from a decent university，翻译为“假如……”。
【参考译文】 有些工作需要特别的资格，但大多数的一流雇主会采取某种程度的原则，即你要在一个不错的大学获得一流或上流的成绩。
【难句】5. Even if the actual instances of mailroom-to-boardroom ascendancy are one in a million, it’s pleasant to think that somewhere out there is a person pushing a mail cart or answering phones who will one day run the company. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
【结构分析】 逗号前为even if引导的让步状语从句Even if the actual instances of mailroom to boardroom ascendancy are one in a million，翻译为“尽管……”，主句为it’s pleasant to…，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面不定式结构。在不定式中，think 的宾语由that引导的名词性从句充当。在此从句中，使用了there be句型there is a person…，person后有两个现在分词短语作的后置定语 pushing a mail cart和 answering phones…这两个定语由or并列，句末的定语从句 who will one day run the company也修饰先行词person，关系代词who在从句中代替person作主语。
【参考译文】 尽管从传达室转到董事会的实际例证只有百万分之一的比率，但猜想在这之外的某个地方有一个开邮车的人或是接电话的人某天会掌管一个公司是件令人高兴的事。
2021考研英语：阅读难句练习精选一
一、定语从句
【难句】1. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)
【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。句首部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句，其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media…作mobile television的同位语，句末的关系代词which引导定语从句which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-network operators来修饰先行词a nascent industry，关系代词which在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】 他谈到了众人对移动电视的巨大兴趣，这是一个在电信和媒体领域有交叉的新兴产业，它给设备制造商、电视内容制作者以及移动网络运营商提供了新的机遇。
【难句】2. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”， “Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)
【结构分析】本句使用了分隔结构，体现了非限制性定语从句分隔，从句which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October修饰主语Apple Computer(关系代词which在从句中作主语)分隔了主语和系动词。连接后得到Meanwhile, Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows…其中that又引导定语从句that can be purchased for viewing on the device…修饰先行词shows(关系代词that在从句作主语，从句中使用了被动语态)，句末的分词结构including “Lost”， “Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”作伴随状语，表明range of shows的具体内容。
【参考译文】与此同时，苹果电脑公司在10月发售了一款可以观看电视的便携式音乐播放器iPod，这个播放器大大帮助了电视网络扩大其可以供用户购买的、用于在移动终端的节目范围， 包括《迷失》、《绝望的主妇》以及《法律与秩序》。
【难句】3. Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore’s law, which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry. (The Economist Sep. 21, 2006)
【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，主句为Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that they obey simple formulae such as Moore’s law，使用了such…that…结构;关系代词which引导定语从句which acts as a battle plan for the semiconductor industry，修饰先行词formulae such as Moore’s law，which在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】的确，有些技术的进步是以一种可预测的节奏进行着，它们遵循摩尔定律般简单的公式，好比是半导体工业的设计图纸。
【难句】4. Visit many online sites to research a car, and they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way. (The Economist May 27, 2006)
【结构分析】以and为切入点，本句包含两个并列分句。注意前一分句省略了和后一分句相同的主语they(指代网络销售商)。后一分句中，they will sell your name immediately to local dealerships是主句，关系代词which引导定语从句which will then harass you in the old-fashioned way，which指代上文的一整句话。
【参考译文】网络销售商通过访问大量的网站去寻找一部车，然后就会把你的名字提供给当地的经销商，这又会让你重回到以前那种购车模式所带来的困扰中。
【难句】5. Even China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries. (The Economist Jun.5, 2006)
【结构分析】 本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。主句为Even China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN，其后的定语从句which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries修饰先行词UN，关系代词在从句中作主语，注意这里project作动词用，译为“指出”，且从句里使用了比较级。
【参考译文】联合国有关报告指出，即便是中国，到2030年初期人口也将开始递减。这份报告同时还指出，到2050年，将有50个国家的人口低于今天的水平。
【难句】6. That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals. (The Economist Jun.18, 2006)
【结构分析】 本句的主句That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games是主系表结构，其中表语由how引导的名词性从句充当，定语从句which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals修饰先行词video games，关系代词which指代先行词video games在从句中作主语，这里使用了被动语态be accused of，在翻译时我们译成主动。
【参考译文】 对于当今时代那些控诉电视游戏使年轻人变成暴力罪犯的批评者们，历史最终也将对他们作出同样的批判。
【难句】7. Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about “engagement”， which comes down to getting employees excited about the work they’re doing and its contribution to the company. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
【结构分析】本句的主干一目了然：Management and HR groups spend a lot of time talking about “engagement”，which引导的定语从句which comes down to getting employees excited about…。修饰先行词engagement，关系代词which在从句中作主语。介词about后有两个宾语the work and its contribution，其中work的修饰语由一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句they’re doing充当，关系代词在从句中作宾语，contribution则由后置的介词短语修饰。
【参考译文】管理和人力资源群体花费大量的时间来谈论“参与”，激发雇员对他们的工作和为公司做贡献的兴趣。
【难句】8. To make the technology as simple as possible, Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software that can be used across all their devices—be it PCs, TVs, or set—top boxes. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)
【结构分析】 本句结构比较清晰，是一个复合句。句首的不定式短语To make the technology as simple as possible作全句的目的状语。主句为Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software…。关系代词that引导的定语从句that can be used across all their devices修饰先行词software，that在从句中作主语，并且使用了被动语态。第一个破折号后面是对across all their devices的具体说明，注意这里采用了whether…or…引导的让步状语从句省略whether的特殊形式be it PCs, TVs, or set。第二个破折号后top boxes是对software的最终阐释，我们去掉中间让步状语作的分隔成分，可以连接全句为Sony, HP, and other vendors are finally creating software that can be used across all their devices—top boxes。
【参考译文】为了让科技尽可能的简单，索尼、惠普和其他销售者最终开发了可以在所有装置上使用的软件——不论是个人电脑、电视机或是数字解码器——这种软件就是机顶盒。
【难句】9. On the face of it, that doesn’t seem especially surprising: we feel strong emotion at important events, which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)
【结构分析】这是典型的冒号前为主句，冒号后作解释说明的实例。句首部分On the face of it为全句的状语，主句部分为that doesn’t seem especially surprising，这里seem采用了系动词的用法。注意形容词surprising指物的-ing使用。冒号后we feel strong emotion at important events是对主句的解释说明，非限制性定语从句which are obviously more memorable than ordinary moments使用了比较结构，关系代词which在从句中作主语。注意which后的be动词使用了复数形式are，联系上文，我们不难判断出它指代 important events。
【参考译文】乍看起来，那似乎不会使我们特别吃惊：在重大事件上我们会感到强烈的感情冲击——重大事件显然比平常日子让人记忆深刻。
【难句】10. An animal that can remember the significance of that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws will survive longer and produce more offspring. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)
【结构分析】本句是复合句，句子的主干为An animal will survive longer and produce more offspring。主语animal后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，关系代词代替animal在从句中作主语。在从句里，谓语动词 remember的宾语是the significance，它的后置定语为that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws;介词短语with the big teeth and sharp claws补充说明thing的特点。
【参考译文】一种动物只有记住了长相丑恶(具有巨大牙齿和锋利爪子)且身体庞大的重要性，才能生存长久并繁殖更多的后代。
【难句】11. Women who live in areas of high air pollution, exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires, are at increased risk of heart disease and death, according to a study. (The Guardian Feb. 1, 2007)
【结构分析】本句是主系表结构。主语Women后是定语从句 who live in areas of high air pollution，关系代词who在从句中代替women作主语，系表部分are at increased risk of heart disease and death被分词结构(表被动)作的后置定语exposed to invisible particles from traffic fumes, coal-fired power stations and wood fires分隔，由于定语部分较长，在翻译时我们可以译为并列结构;句子末尾的according to a study作全句的状语。
【参考译文】一项研究表明，生活在严重空气污染地区的女性，暴露在车辆尾气、燃煤发电厂、森林火灾所产生和排放的无形的微小颗粒中，越来越容易患心脏病，甚至会因此直接导致死亡。
2021考研英语：备考重点词汇背诵篇一
1. parliamentary adj. 议会的
2 .territory n. 领土, 版图, 地域
3 incurably adv.治不好地, 不能矫正地
4 convincing adj.令人信服的, 有力的, 令人心悦诚服的
5 flashed vi.闪光, 闪现, 反射, 使迅速
6 pick up v.掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速
7 bulletin n.公告, 报告
8 import n.进口货(常用复数), 进口, 输入, 意思, 重要性
vt.输入, 进口, 含...的意思, 重要, 引入
9 sink in 被了解
10 implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示
11 bitterly adv.苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的
12 haste n.匆忙, 急忙
13 turn back v.使停止往前, 往回走, 翻回到, 重新提到, 折转, 挡住
14 euthanasia n.安乐死
15 dominoes 多米诺
16 injection n.注射, 注射剂, (毛细血管等的)充血, (人造卫星, 宇宙飞船等的)射入轨道
17 diagnose v.诊断
18 terminally adv.末尾, 一定时期地
19 resident n.居民 adj.居住的, 常驻的
20 haunting adj.常浮现于脑海中的, 不易忘怀的
21 spiritual adj.精神上的
22 claw n.爪, 脚爪 v.抓
23 consistently 一贯地， 一向， 始终如一地
24 deserve vt.应受, 值得 v.应受
25 dull adj.感觉或理解迟钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的
vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和
vi.变迟钝, 减少
26 loneliness n.孤独, 寂寞
27 welcome n.欢迎 vt.欢迎 int.欢迎 adj.受欢迎的
28 harsh adj.粗糙的, 荒芜的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的
29 frontier n.国境, 边疆, 边境
30 charitable adj.仁慈的, (为)慈善事业的,宽恕的
31 impulse n.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力 vt.推动
32 weary adj.疲倦的, 厌倦的, 令人厌烦的, 疲劳 v.疲倦, 厌倦, 厌烦
33 hospitality n.好客, 宜人, 盛情
34 casual adj.偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的
35 interpret v.解释, 说明, 口译, 通译, 认为是...的意思
36 superficial adj.表面的, 肤浅的, 浅薄的
37 artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的
38 historically 在历史上, 从历史观点上说
39 complex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n.联合体
40 assumption n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态
41 interrelationship 相互关系[联系, 影响], 干扰
42 fail to 未能...
43 draw v.拉, 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制, 拖曳
vt.汲取, 领取, 提取, 引起, 吸引
vi.向...移动, 挨近
n.平局, 和局, 拖曳
翻译部分：
1. monetary adj.货币的, 金钱的
2. precise adj.精确的, 准确的 n.精确
3. inflation n.胀大, 夸张, 通货膨胀, (物价)暴涨
4. have any effect on 对…有影响
5. analogy n.类似, 类推
6. steering n.*纵, 掌舵, 指导
7. disadvantages n.不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势
8. boast n.自夸, 值得夸耀的事物 v.自夸, 以有...而自豪
9. average n.平均, 平均水平, 平均数, 海损
adj.一般的, 通常的, 平均的
vt.平均为, 均分, 使平衡, 达到平均水平
vi.买进, 卖出
10. digit n.阿拉伯数字, 手指或足趾, 一指宽(约四分之三英寸)
11. forecasters n.预报员
12. panel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板, 座谈小组, 全体陪审员 vt.嵌镶板
13. consistently 一贯地， 一向， 始终如一地
14. favourable adj.赞成的, 称许的, 有利的, 顺利的 n.有利
15. conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的
16. slack n.松弛, 静止, 淡季, 闲散, 家常裤
adj.松弛的, 不流畅的, 疏忽的, 软弱的, 漏水的, 呆滞的, 懒散的
adv.马虎地, 缓慢地
vt.使松弛, 使缓慢, 马虎从事
vi.松懈, 减弱, 松驰
17. utilization n.利用
18. take off v.拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞, 减弱, 离开, 岔开, 复制
19. proved 被证实的
20. thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的, 颤动的, 发抖的
21. defective adj.有缺陷的, (智商或行为有)欠缺的 n.有缺陷的人, 不完全变化动词
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