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2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(40)
APPLE and Tesla are two of the world’s most talked-about companies.
苹果公司和特斯拉都是人们最爱谈论的公司。
They are also two of the most vertically integrated.
这两个公司的垂直整合程度也名列前茅。
大家肯定不知道什么叫“垂直整合程度”vertically integrated
接下来就要给你解释了：
Apple not only writes much of its own software, but designs its own chips and runs its own shops.
苹果不仅大部分软件是自己写的，芯片也由自己设计，连商店都自己开。
Tesla makes 80% of its electric cars and sells them directly to its customers.
It is also constructing a network of service stations and building the world’s biggest battery factory, in the Nevada desert.
特斯拉80%的电动车都是自己生产，并直接销售给客户。它还在构建一个充电服务站网络，并在内华达沙漠建设世界上最大的电池厂。
知道什么叫vertically integrated了吧!
就是什么活都自己干!
以前是什么样子?
A century ago this sort of vertical integration was the rule: companies integrated “backwards”, by buying sources for raw materials and suppliers, and “forwards”, by buying distributors.
一个世纪以前，这种垂直整合堪称法则：企业“向后”整合，购买原材料来源和供应商同时“向前”整合，购买分销商。
现在呢?
Today this sort of bundling is rare: for the past 30 years firms have been focusing on their core business and contracting out everything else to specialists.
如今，这种捆绑就很罕见了。过去30年里，各个公司一直专注于自己的重要业务，其他的一切都外包给专门人士处理。
2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(39)
Effective teamwork is incredibly important for output quality and efficiency. If everyone in a team can manage to collaborate with each other and employ concerted effrots, those tasks that seem unachievable for any individual may be accomplished with much better quality. Take iPhone as an example. Its success is a story of hundreds of thousands of engineers, designers and workers all over the world working seamlessly together. If they all work alone and do not cooperate, it will be hard for them to get early feedback on the design and function, making it impossible for them to achieve the high level of craftsmanship that these slick gadgets now boast of. After all, teamwork not only increases efficiency but also creates an environment of learning by challenging your ideas.
一、长难句解析
Effective teamwork is incredibly important for output quality and efficiency.
有效的团队合作对于产出的质量和效率极为重要。
If everyone in a team can focus their own strength and yet manage to collaborate with each other and employ concerted efforts, those tasks that seem unachievable for any individual may be achieved with better quality.
如果团队中的每一个人都能专注于自己的长处，并设法互相协作，那么那些对于个人来说看似不可能的任务能以更高的质量完成。
Take iPhone as an example, its success is a story of hundreds of thousands of engineers, designers and workers all the world working seamlessly together.
以苹果手机为例，它的顺利就是一个全世界许多工程师、设计师和工人一起无缝协作的故事。
If they all work alone and do not cooperate, it will be hard for them to get early feedback on the design and function, making it impossible for them to achieve the high level of craftsmanship that these slick gadgets now boast of.
如果他们都单独工作，不进行合作，那他们将很难获得关于设计和功能性的早期反馈，也就不可能达到现在这些设备引以为傲的高技艺水平。
After all, teamwork not only increases efficiency but also creates an environment of learning by challenging your ideas.
毕竟，团队合作不仅能够提高效率，也能够过挑战你的想法创造一个学习的环境。
2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(38)
Controlling it all made sense, the argument went, when markets were rudimentary: when supplies of vital materials were limited or contractors could cheat you. As markets became more sophisticated these justifications fell away. Thanks to globalisation, companies could always find new resources and better suppliers. Yet a growing number of companies are having second thoughts. This is most visible in information technology.
一、长难句解析
Controlling it all made sense, the argument went, when markets were rudimentary: when supplies of vital materials were limited or contractors could cheat you.
这种观点说的是，在市场还处于原始状态时，什么都要控制是有道理的，因为关键材料的供应有限，或者承包商可能会欺骗你。
As markets became more sophisticated these justifications fell away.
随着市场变得越来越成熟，这些理由都站不住脚了。
Thanks to globalisation, companies could always find new resources and better suppliers.
有了全球化，企业总是可以找到新的资源和更好的供应商。
Yet a growing number of companies are having second thoughts.
然而，越来越多的公司另有考虑。
This is most visible in information technology.
这在信息技术领域尤为明显。
The industry’s leaders were at the heart of the contracting-out revolution.
行业领袖们本来是处于外包革命的中心。
Vertically integrated companies such as IBM outsourced as much as possible in order to lower costs.
IBM等垂直整合的公司尽可能地进行外包以降低成本。
Upstarts such as Microsoft prospered by focusing on a narrow–but exceptionally valuable–slice of the pie: the operating system of personal computers.
新贵如微软则是专注于一块非常狭窄但价值极高的蛋糕––个人电脑的操作系统。
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