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2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习18
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
一、词汇突破
auditors 审计人员
distract 分散注意力
二、主干识别
It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句. 形式主语从句
三、其他成分
for auditors 状语;scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。
四、微观解析
scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干;who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist;where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句;by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语;of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 作定语。while the other eye is on the microscope状语修饰keeping。
五、难点揭秘
主语从句中出现定语从句，定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为显著了。
六、译文赏析
审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
七、翻译点拨
by短语在句子中是充当状语，翻译为原因，where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么，知道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：知道他们要去哪里和怎么去，就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译。
2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习19
Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
一、词汇突破
hypocritical 虚伪的;
spectacles 景象
ample 充足的
radical 激进的，根本的
journalist 记者，新闻工作者
advocate 支持
participatory democracy 参与制民主
enrolled in 注册入学，入伍
二、主干识别
we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态
三、其他成分
which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles;“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明。
四、微观解析
定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply;now more than ever为状语。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism(美国物质主义的批评者) with a Southampton summer home;(其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄);代表人物二 the publisher of radical books(激进书刊的出版者)who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐(因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的);代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life(支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者)whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学(私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的)。
五、难点揭秘
冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难;
六、译文赏析
相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。
七、翻译点拨
we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象;这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多被动，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象fine 处理为非常。
2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习21
The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
一、词汇突破
interactivity 互动性
hospitality 友好性
security 安全性
二、主干识别
The examples show that…+宾语从句;主谓宾结构
三、其他成分
of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位语;我们把其看作为：A of B 的结构，A为上义词，B 为下义词，这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为“……的例子”;a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句
四、微观解析
selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰a web site; 宾语从句主干为：a Web site will attract online customers.
五、难点揭秘
由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰，产生隔离，在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离，这样了产生了隔离。
六、译文赏析
像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon.com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。
七、翻译点拨
宾语从句单独成句; 在翻译example of…的时候翻译为“像……”。
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