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2021考研英语双语阅读材料：苹果与谷歌联手
Tech giants Apple and Google are teaming up to create a system that would let smartphoneusers know when they＇ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司将联手打造一个系统，让智能手机用户知道他们何时与新冠病毒感染者有过接触。
The technology would rely on the Bluetooth signals that smartphones can both send out andreceive. If a person tests positive for COVID-19， they could notify public health authoritiesthrough an app. Those public health apps would then alert anyone whose smartphones hadcome near the infected person＇s phone in the prior 14 days.
这项技术将依赖于智能手机发送和接收的蓝牙信号。如果一名患者的新冠病毒检测呈阳性，他们可以通过一款应用程序通知公共卫生管理部门。这些公共卫生应用程序将向所有过去14天内其智能手机曾靠近患者手机的人发出警报。
The technology could be used on both Google Android phones and Apple iPhones.
这项技术可以在谷歌安卓手机和苹果iphone手机上使用。
The companies insist that they will preserve smartphone users＇ privacy. Smartphone usersmust opt in to use it. The software will not collect data on users＇ physical locations or theirpersonally identifiable information. People who test positive would remain anonymous， bothto the people who came in contact with them and to Apple and Google.
两家公司坚称，他们将保护智能手机用户的隐私。智能手机用户必须自主选择才能使用这一功能。该软件不会收集用户的实际位置数据或个人身份信息。新冠病毒检测呈阳性的人将对接触者以及苹果公司和谷歌公司保持匿名。
＂Privacy， transparency， and consent are of utmost importance in this effort，＂ the companiessaid in a joint statement.
两家公司在一份联合声明中称：“隐私、透明度和用户许可在这一过程中至关重要。”
The American Civil Liberties Union has warned that using cellphone data to address thepandemic carries risks of ＂invasions of privacy， abuse， and stigmatization.＂
美国公民自由联盟警告称，利用手机数据来应对疫情可能会带来“侵犯隐私、滥用信息和污名化”的风险。
In a statement on Friday， ACLU surveillance and cybersecurity counsel Jennifer Granick said， ＂No contact tracing app can be fully effective until there is widespread， free， and quicktesting and equitable access to healthcare. These systems also can＇t be effective if people don＇ttrust them.＂
在上周五（4月10日）的一份声明中，美国公民自由联盟的监视和网络安全顾问詹妮弗·格拉尼克说：“如果没有广泛、快速的检测和公平的医疗保健体系，接触追踪应用程序是不可能完全有效的。如果人们不信任这些系统，它们也不会有效。”
She said that the joint Apple and Google project ＂appears to mitigate the worst privacy andcentralization risks， but there is still room for improvement.＂
她说，苹果公司和谷歌公司的联合项目“似乎减轻了最严重的隐私和集中化风险，但仍有改进的空间。”
She added that contact tracing apps should be ＂voluntary and decentralized， and used only forpublic health purposes and only for the duration of this pandemic.＂
她补充说，接触追踪应用程序应该是“自愿的、分散的，仅用于公共卫生目的，且仅在本次疫情期间使用。”
Google and Apple say their technology will be used only by public health authorities to tracethe spread of COVID-19.
谷歌公司和苹果公司表示，这项技术只会被公共卫生部门用于追踪新冠病毒的传播。
Public health officials say robust contact tracing — finding people who have been in contact withan infected person — will be a key step in lifting shelter-in-place restrictions. It would allowpeople who are known to have been exposed to the virus to quarantine or isolatethemselves， while letting others resume normal activities.
公共卫生官员说，强有力的接触追踪系统能发现与感染者有过接触的人，将是解除隔离限制的关键一步。这样一来，接触过病毒的人就可以进行隔离或自我隔离，同时其他人也可以恢复正常生活。
A team at MIT also has been working on a contact-tracing system that similarly uses Bluetoothsignals to identify when people have come near each other.
麻省理工学院的一个团队也在研究一种接触追踪系统，该系统同样使用蓝牙信号来识别人们何时有过接触。
Apple and Google are rolling out their contact-tracing technology in two steps. In mid-May， theywill release software that will let public health authorities build apps that exchangeinformation via Bluetooth.
苹果公司和谷歌公司正分两步推出这一接触跟踪技术。5月中旬，他们将发布一款软件，让公共卫生部门能够构建通过蓝牙交换信息的应用程序。
In the coming months， they will update their operating systems so phones can shareinformation without having to install an app.
未来几个月，两家公司将升级操作系统，让手机无需安装应用程序就能共享信息。
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