2013中考英语备考：情态动词的用法

　　很多学生觉得英语难学，但事实上，英语和其他学科区别不大，知识点都完全出在书中。只要肯下工夫，一定会把英语学好，至少英语成绩不会被别人落下太多。通过今年的初三期末考试可以看出来，学生们存在的最主要的问题还是对教材不够熟悉。比如，今年的完形填空题出自教科书中的原文，但是5个填空部分很多学生都没有完全答对。其实，现在考试的趋势越来越回归教材，所以学生们一定要对教材非常熟悉。英语考试中的作文虽然不像语文作文那样占分比例很大，但这仍是一个重点。此次考试，学生们的作文情况也不是很理想。原因是学生们平时不愿意动笔。其实，只要对教材熟悉，写作的问题就不大。教材中的每个模块的第二、三单元都是一个主题，这个主题会告知写作内容。中考时的写作范围也不会脱离这些主题，肯定会是书中提到过的，所以，学生们要根据这些主题主动练习写作。

　　寒假期间的复习重点可根据个人情况而定，但以下两方面不得忽视：1、完形填空和阅读每天要做四五篇。英语考试中完形填空和阅读所占分数非常大，这是一个容易得分的部分。所以，学生们在假期每天都要保证阅读数量。英语语感很重要，如果长时间不做阅读，再次复习时会费很多力气。2、初一到初三教材“过”一遍。复习英语的最好方式就是熟读教材，因为英语教材中几乎涵盖了所有知识点。寒假期间，初一到初三年级的全部英语单词要复习一遍，课文要通读一遍，要保证英译汉和汉译英都没有问题，这样会给开学后进入总复习提供很多帮助。

　　情态动词

　　1、情态动词的用法  can/ could ① 表能力：如：He can speak English.

　　注意：在用法上can= be able to，但是can仅有两种时态 ② 表虚和或请求，此时可以喝may互换，如：You can use my pen. Can (May) I borrow your dictionary?

　　注意：委婉的请求可以用could，但是不表时态，回答仍用can，如： --- Could I have the TV on? --- Yes you can. / No, you can‟t. ③ 表推测(见后)  may/ might ① 表示许可或请求，might比may更加婉转，此时可以喝can互换，如： ---May I go now?

　　---Yes, you may. / No, you can‟t. ② 表推测(见后) ③ 表祝福，如：May you be happy. May you have a good time.  must ① 肯定表示必须、一定要，否定表示禁止，如：

　　You must do your homework right now. You mustn‟t smoke in the supermarket. ② must用于疑问句，否定回答用needn‟t/ don‟t have to，如： ---Must I clean the classroom after class?

　　---Yes, you must. / No you don‟t have to. / No you need not. ③ must表示主观希望，have to表不得不，时态可以自由选择否定用法不同：

　　don‟t have to 不必 You dn not have to tell him about it. mustn‟t 禁止 You must not tell him about it. ④ must表推测(见后)  need ① 实意动词：需求、需要 need sth. / to do sth. 如：You need to take care of your mother. ② 情态动词：只用于疑问、否定、条件句中 ③ need doing sth. = need to be done 如：The door needs painting. = The car needs to be repaired.  shall ① 表示说话人征求对方的一件或请求(只用于一、三人称的疑问句中!)，如：

　　Shall we put off the sports meeting until next week? Shall he go there with me tomorrow? ② 表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告，如：

　　You shall get a solution. You shall be punished for what you have done.  should

　　表示劝告或建议(翻译成应该=ought to)，如：

　　You should wash hand before dinner. We ought to help each other!  will/ would ① 表示意愿、决心，如：

　　He won‟t come to see you!(意愿)

　　He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again.(决心) ② 表情求，只用于第二人称疑问句中，注意：would比will更加委婉，如： Will you please buy me an English-dictionary when you go to the bookstore?

　　【考例】

　　--Must we finish giving out the posters today?

　　--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer. [太原市] A. can B. may C. must

　　[答案]C。[解析] 此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。

　　-I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently. --I agree. You __ play like that anymore. [河南省] A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. wouldn't

　　[答案]B。[解析] 此处选mustn't。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。

　　When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait. [南京市] A. may B. can C. must D. might. [答案]C。[解析] 考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。一I really like playing computer games! www.zk5u.co

　　一I'm afraid you ________stop，for your study and your health. [07宜昌市] A. am B. will C.may D.must

　　[答案]D。[解析] 答语意思为“为了你的学习和健康，恐怕你必须停止玩电脑游戏”，所以must最恰当。

　　--Could I borrow your dictionary?

　　--Of course you ____________.[陕西省] A. can B. must C. should D. will

　　[答案]A。[解析] 上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。

　　--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?

　　--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris. [长沙市] A. may not B. needn't C. can't [答案]C。[解析] 因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。一Mary，__________you speak Chinese? 一Yes，only a little. [北京市] A must B need C may D.can

　　[答案]D。[解析] 考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?…“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够。

　　Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports. [安徽省] A. would B. might C. should D. could

　　[答案]C。[解析] 此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当…„应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。

　　---Bob，may I __your MP4?

　　一Sure.But you'd better not _________it to others.[福州市] A. lend;lend B lend;borrow C borrow;borrow D.borrow;lend

　　[答案]D。[解析]本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.borrow和lend是一组反义词，都是“借”的意思，但相对句子主语来说，borrow意为“借人”;lend意为“借出”。由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。

　　--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?

　　--I would rather _______ at home than football. It's too hot outside. [南京] A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing [答案]：A。[解析]本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。译文为:萨姆，今天下午出去打球怎么样?和踢足球相比，我宁愿呆在家里，外面太热。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁愿做A。

　　【考例】He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. [兰州] A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading

　　[答案]：C。[解析]考查固定结构的用法。Used 后接动词不定时，be used to 后接动名词。故选C。

　　You ________do it if you really don't want to. [昆明市] A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. couldn't

　　[答案]A。[解析] 考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。

　　--May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?

　　--Yea, of course. You ___________finish it today. [成都市] A. must B. mustn't C. needn't

　　[答案]C。[解析]思路分析：根据句意可知，needn‟t不必。

　　2、情态动词表推测

　　① must 表示对现在的肯定推测，只用于肯定句，这种推测是有依据可循的，如：He must be

　　working in the office. The light is till on!

　　② can/ could 用于否定、疑问句当中，翻译为：不可能，如：If Tim didn‟t leave office until 5

　　o‟clock, he couldn‟t be home yet. Can he tell a lie?

　　③ may/ might 用于肯定句、否定句中，翻译为：可能，可能不 ④ 表推测的反义疑问句，如：

　　He must be reading, isn‟t he?

　　You must do it yourself, don‟t you?

　　He must have gone over the article, hasn‟t he? It must have rained last nitgh, didn‟t it? 【考例】

　　You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. [广东省] A. can B. may C. must D. need

　　[答案]C。[解析] 本题考查情态动词must，can，may，need的区别。本题由题意人手，“你工作了八个小时没有休息肯定很累。”情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。一Look at the boy running on the ground.Is it Davis?

　　——It ____be him.I saw him go to the teacher's office just now.[黄冈市] A. must B can't C.could D.might

　　[答案]B。[解析] 考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。

　　3、情态动词的疑问句以及回答 Need……? Yes,…must. / No,…needn‟t. Must……? Yes,…must. / No,…needn‟t / don‟t have to. May……? Yes,…may. / No,…musn‟t. Could……? Can Shall……? Yes,…shall. / No,…needn‟t / can‟t / mustn‟t

　　【语法过关】

　　1.— ______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? — No, you needn‟t. You can complete it this afternoon. A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must 2. —Could I go to the movie this weekend，Dad?

　　一Yes，you____.But you have to come back before nine. A.shall B.must C.need D.can 3.You play with fire, Tom. It's dangerous. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. wouldn't 4.As we know, fish ___die out of water. A. may B. is going to C. can D. will 5.— Shall I book some seats for the concert? —_____________. I‟ve already done that. A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn‟t C. No, you needn‟t D. I‟d rather not 6.—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. — No, she ________ be there. I've just seen her there. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't 7.You ______ worry about him. He will get well soon. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. may not 8.Schools _____allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A.would B.might C.should D.could 9.You ___ open the door before the train gets into the station. A. don't have to B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not 10.—I was told to be here before eight.

　　—Oh ,you . I‟m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A.must B.can‟t C.may D.needn‟t 11.—May I take this book out of the reading room? —A.Certainly B.No, you needn‟t C.No, you mustn‟t 12.—Who‟s that woman with Ann? —I‟m not sure. It be her mother A, may B, can C , will D, must 13.—Must I get up early tomorrow? —No, ________.

　　A. you mustn‟t B. I don‟t think you have to C. you can‟t D. you need 14.—The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it? —Of course.

　　A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall 15. You look tired.You'd better ____a good sleep. A.have B.having C.had D.to have 【参考答案】

　　1.答案D 解析：依据答语No, you needn‟t 可以推断出应选D。

　　2.答案：D解析：本题考查情态动词的用法，could表示委婉语气“可以，能”，相当于can。根据句意应选D。

　　3.答案C 解析：表示“绝对禁止，不允许”的意思。 4.答案A解析：表可能性只能用may。

　　5答案C 解析：由I‟ve already done that可知，没必要做某事，应用No，you needn't.不，你不必做某事了。

　　6.答案A 解析：在表推测的否定句和疑问句中，此时要用can。

　　7.答案A 解析：needn't表示“ 不必，不用”;mustn't表示“ 禁止、不能”。依据题意：你不必担心她，和很快就会恢复。

　　8.答案：C解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。句意：学校应该允许学生一天至少运动一个小时。

　　9.答案B 解析：依据题意：在火车进站之前，你绝不能打开车门。表示“绝对禁止”，故应用B。

　　10.答案D 解析：依据题意：我被告知八点前到这儿。由后句对不起我没有告诉你我们已经改变计划了。可知你没必要。故选D。

　　11.答案 C 解析：依据题意：我可以把这书带出阅览室吗?可知答语应是No, you mustn‟t故应选C。