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2020考研英语语法体系：名词性从句
名词性从句
在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。
常用的连接词有：
疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。
它们的特点是：
1、疑问词有本身的词义
2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语
3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
For example:
Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗?(宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是whom are they looking for?)
I don’t know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。(宾语从句。在从句中如果疑问词作主语，其陈述语序和疑问语序一致。)
She asked me where I had been. 她问我到哪儿去了。(宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是where had I been. 直接引语，间接引语。注意这句话的时态。)
Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗?(宾语从句。陈述语序，不能是when will the train arrive. 直接引语，间接引语。)
I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet. 我不知道他为什么还没来。(宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是why hasn’t he come yet.)
He didn’t tell me what you were doing. 他没和我说你在干什么。(宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是what were you doing.)
What you have done might do harm t other people. 你所做过的事情有可能伤害别人。(主语从句。what 作从句的宾语。陈述语序，不能是what have you done. 如果用疑问语序，意思发生了变化，成了“你做了什么?”。)
I don’t know where he is now. 我不知道他现在在哪里。(宾语从句，陈述语序。不能是where is he now.)
Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里过的周末。(主语从句，where 作从句的地点状语。陈述语序，不能是where did he ...
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《高考英语总复习语法专项 名词从句》由留学英语组编辑整理(www.liuxuequn.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
高考英语总复习语法专项 名词从句
2009-03-18 11:37 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]
概述
一.定义: 在句中的作用相当于一个名词的从句叫做名词性从句
二.分类: 名词性从句包括四类, 分别是: 主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句
三.引导词: 名词从句的引导词包括连词that / if / whether, 连接代词who / whom / whose / what / which, 连接副词when / where / how / why, 另外还有: whatever, whichever, whoever等
主语从句
一.定义: 在句中充当主语的从句就是主语从句
二.示例:
a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me.
b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.
c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.
e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important.
f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
三.应注意的问题:
1.以that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...
a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.
b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.
2.whether引导主语从句时, 常置于句首 (此时whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此时whether可以用if代替)
a. Whether they will come is not yet known.
b. It is not yet known whether they will go there.
3.连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时, 一般不后移
a. What I told you last night was really true.
b. Wh...
《虚拟语气3----虚拟语气用在其它名词从句中》由留学群liuxuequn.com编辑整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
III. 虚拟语气用在其它名词从句中
1． 虚拟语气用在 suggest, demand, insist, ask, move, advise. desire, order, propose, require, recommend, request, maintain, vote 等表示建议，命令，请求的动词后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语用 should + 原形动词，但美国英语中常要省去 should 。例如：
I suggest we start at once.
They propose that you (should) read the rules carefully.
The commander ordered that the soldier fire at the enemy.
He insisted that he go there on foot.
I move that the meeting be adjourned. 我提议休会. move:(在会议上)提议，动议
Example:
He insisted that we all ______ in his office at one o’clock.
a. be b. to be c. would be d. shall be
He asked that it ______ done right away.
a. is b. be c. shall be d. must be
He recommended that John ______ with him.
a. must go b. went c. will go d. go
2． 虚拟语气用在 It is + 形容词（或过去分词）+ that... .的主语从句中，表示要求，建议，提议，命令，请求等，英国英语中从句的谓语用“should + 原形动词（或完成式）构成”，而美国英语中则要求用原形动词。该句型中常用的形容词或过去分词有：
advisable, desirable, essential, important, better, keen, natural, necessary, probable, possible, strange, vital, desired, demanded, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。例如：
It is necessary that the machine (should) be oiled once a week.
It is important that everyone (should) obey the law.
It is suggested that you take a walk after supper.
Example:
It is necessary that he ______ in time to att...
《英语语法大全之if, whether引导的名词从句》由留学英语组编辑整理(www.liuxuequn.com)。本内容整理时间为05月20日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
if, whether引导的名词从句 1）yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例
中考即将来临，小编特别为大家整理了考前易错题，希望对大家有所帮助，22套错题本各种……[详细]
if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
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