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托福备考语法之动名词与不定式
动名词与不定式
1) 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
托福考试栏目推荐：
03-04
本文中小编为各位考生准备了托福考试语法题笔记，便于考生们的备考。
21. Bubbles， flaws， and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass， _________ the glass sparkle.
A. which making
B. and making
C. making
D. to making
答案：C
分析：空格前的句子结构完整，这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句，而句中无谓语，错;B中and作为连接词，而and后的句子不完整，没有谓语，错;D错，不定式的结构应该是to do.
参考译文：气泡，裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开，使得玻璃闪闪发光。
补充： stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃
22. Fog is common near _________ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
A. there are large
B. large
C. either large
D. where large
答案：B
分析：A使得句中出现两个谓语动词，且中间无连接词，错;C应该是either… or…结构，但句中没有出现or;D中where引导的句子不完整，错。
参考译文：雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。
23. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.
A. and a
B. so that a
C. a
D. is a
答案：C
分析：make结构，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.
参考译文：描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。
24. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics， the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
A. To prepare
B. As it prepared
C. When preparation
D. Prepared
答案：D
分析：由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index， 而且空格后是by，所以应该用被动形式，只能选D.
03-04
本文中小编为各位考生准备了托福考试语法题笔记，便于考生们的备考。
11. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
答案：A
分析：主语同位语结构。B中多了一个谓语was，因为后面已经有一个谓语动词served， 一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错; C中who多余，用法也不正确;D中of whom多余，不是定语从句，考的是同位语结构。
参考译文：Frances Perkins，是美国内阁的第一为女性成员，她从1933到1945年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。
12. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
答案：D
分析：When为状语从句引导词;语序应该为正常语序，A，C错;B语序混乱，明显应该用被动形式，而且有固定结构add to.
参考译文：当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候，会释放出二氧化碳，使得面团涨开。
13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
答案：B
分析：to calculate，这里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的逻辑主语是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主语，句子不完整。
参考译文：遗传学家运用概率的理论来计算在后代中拥有相似特点个体占有的百分比。
补充： 如同A的形式， 逗号前面就是一个名词短语， 然而正确的句子里， 名词短语要么作为主语的同位语， 要么本身是主语， 如11题。 否则就是脱离句子成分， 成为错误。
14. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements, where_______than...
03-04
本文中小编为各位考生准备了托福考试语法题笔记(1)，便于考生们的备考。
1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an iMBAlance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
答案：B
分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
答案：B
分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
答案：A
分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted gre...
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