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2018年6月10日的托福阅读预测题，留学群的小编终于整理出来了，同学们对于这次托福考试有没有准备好呢？来做做2018年6月10日托福阅读机经预测，看看自己的水平怎么样？
The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America， they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.
In the early colonial days in North America， small cities sprang up along theAtlantic Coastline，mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France， particularly England， from which most capital goods （assets such as equipment） and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were，accordingly， advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here， too， were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston， Philadelphia， New York， Montreal， and other cities flourished， and， as the colonies grew， these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South， where life centered around large farms， known as plantations， rather than around towns， as was the case in the a...
报考了2018年6月2日的托福考试的同学们，今天可以来看看预测题，看看自己的水平怎么样？下面就和留学群的小编来看看2018年6月2日托福阅读机经预测。
Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems.
Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens，such as bacteria， or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants， in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle， often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes， which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.
If the physical barriers of the plant are breached， then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder， and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances， such as resins， tannins， glycosides， and alkaloids， many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes， for example，seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests.
Other possible chemical defenses， while not directly toxic to the parasite， may inhibit some es...
这个月又过去了一半，准备2018年5月26日托福考试的同学准备得怎么样呢？今天就和留学群的小编一起来了解一下2018年5月26日托福阅读机经预测。
Urban Development in the United States During the Nineteenth Century
P1： Urbanized societies， in which a high proportion of the population lives in P cities， developed only in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The process of urbanization has moved rapidly in the entire world since 1800， and the peak is not yet in sight. In the United States， early New England towns， formally disposed along wide elm-lined central roadways or commons， exhibit a conscious planning. In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century， one cannot really use the term ＂urban planning＂， as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which， in most instances， did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s. While there certainly were urban areas that were ＂planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense of the word before that date， most notably Washington， D.C.， these were the exception. Most “planned＂ in the nineteenth century was limited to areas much smaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to make a profit from a piece of land.
P2： Three forces particularly affected the configuration of urban and suburban areas in the nineteenth century： economics， transportation technology， and demographics. Added to these was the cha...
托福预测向来是每个考生考前必看的，因为托福预测还是有一定的效果的，那么今天就和留学群的小编一起来看看2018年5月19日托福阅读机经预测。
Models of Egg Development
1 Several different theories have been put forward to explain how the hard-shelled eggs of land-dwelling reptiles （e.g. lizards） evolved from the soft eggs that amphibians （e.g. frogs and toads） lay in water. The Romer model of egg development is named after the late Alfred Romer， a paleontologist who also became director of the Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology. His specialty was early reptiles because， he felt， they were the key to understanding the great reptile diversification seen in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras （around 230 million years ago）. Romer＇s hypothesis was that some aquatic amphibians that is， amphibians living in water called anthracosaurs began to lay their eggs on land at about the time that they were evolving reptile-like skeletal features. Indeed， some of these early amphibians and earliest reptiles are so similar in their skeletons that the exact transition point from one to the other is still difficult to determine. Eventually， though， the transition was made， but these early reptiles remained aquatic. The advantage for laying eggs on land was primarily to avoid the aquatic larval （pre-adult） stage during which immature amphibians live exclusively in water with its inherent risk of predators and drying of ponds. However， the land has its own set of dangers， not least of which is the drying effect o...
对于很多准备考托福的同学们来说，托福预测还是非常有用的，那么今天就和留学群的小编一起来了解一下2018年5月6日托福阅读机经预测整理。
考古类
Environmental Impact of the Anasazi
The Collapse of the Mays
The Chaco Phenomenon
科学类
The Birth of Photography
Early American Printing Industry
农业类
Agricultural Society in Eighteenth- Century British America
Water Management in Early Agriculture
社会类
Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Hunting and the Setting of Inner Eurasia
生物类
Extinctions at the End of the Cretaceous
The Cambrian Explosion
The Extinction of the Dinosaurs
How Animals in Rain Forests Make Themselves Heard
Sociality in Animals
Dinosaurs and Parental Care
Habitat Selection
Temperature Regulation in Marine Organisms
Cell Theory
Poikilotherms
Forest Succession
The Role of Diapause
The Identification of the Genetic Material
How Plants and Animals Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands
Constraints on Natural Selection
推荐阅读：
托福教育对于大家来说，成绩都是很重要的，那么大家要怎么进行托福考试呢，和留学群小编一起来看看2018年5月6日托福阅读机经预测。
考古类
Environmental Impact of the Anasazi
The Collapse of the Mays
The Chaco Phenomenon
科学类
The Birth of Photography
Early American Printing Industry
农业类
Agricultural Society in Eighteenth- Century British America
Water Management in Early Agriculture
社会类
Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Hunting and the Setting of Inner Eurasia
生物类
Extinctions at the End of the Cretaceous
The Cambrian Explosion
The Extinction of the Dinosaurs
How Animals in Rain Forests Make Themselves Heard
Sociality in Animals
Dinosaurs and Parental Care
Habitat Selection
Temperature Regulation in Marine Organisms
Cell Theory
Poikilotherms
Forest Succession
The Role of Diapause
The Identification of the Genetic Material
How Plants and Animals Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands
Constraints on Natural Selection
推荐阅读：
4月21日的托福考试即将来临，大家在考试前夕，应该重点备考哪些知识呢？和留学群小编一起来看看2018年4月21日托福阅读机经预测！供大家参考。
How Soil is Formed
Soil formation is a dynamic process that takes place in different environments. It is strongly influenced by the parent material， climate （largely vegetation and temperature and water exchanges）， topography （the elevations， depressions， directions and angles of slopes， and other surface features of the landscape）， and time.
The parent material is the unconsolidated mass on which soil formation takes place. This material may or may not be derived from the on-site geological substrate or bedrock on which it rests. Parent materials can be transported by wind， water， glaciers， and gravity and deposited on top of bedrock. Because of the diversity of materials involved， soils derived from transported parent materials are commonly more fertile than soils from parent materials derived in place. Whatever the parent material， whether derived in place from bedrock or from transported material， it ultimately comes from geological materials， such as igneous， sedimentary， and metamorphic rocks， and the composition of the rocks largely determines the chemical composition of the soil.
Climate is most influential in determining the nature and intensity of weathering and the type of vegetation that further affects soil formation. The soil material experiences daily and seasonal variations in heating and cooling. Open surfaces expos...
对于很多正在准备托福考试的人们来说，不知道准备的怎么样了呢？今天就和留学群的小编一起来回顾一下2018年4月21日托福阅读机经预测整理。
（图片转自百度）
How Soil is Formed
Soil formation is a dynamic process that takes place in different environments. It is strongly influenced by the parent material， climate （largely vegetation and temperature and water exchanges）， topography （the elevations， depressions， directions and angles of slopes， and other surface features of the landscape）， and time.
The parent material is the unconsolidated mass on which soil formation takes place. This material may or may not be derived from the on-site geological substrate or bedrock on which it rests. Parent materials can be transported by wind， water， glaciers， and gravity and deposited on top of bedrock. Because of the diversity of materials involved， soils derived from transported parent materials are commonly more fertile than soils from parent materials derived in place. Whatever the parent material， whether derived in place from bedrock or from transported material， it ultimately comes from geological materials， such as igneous， sedimentary， and metamorphic rocks， and the composition of the rocks largely determines the chemical composition of the soil.
Climate is most influential in determining the nature and intensity of weathering and the type of vegetation that further affects soil formation. The soil material experiences daily and s...
下个月的托福考试就要来了，很多人会搜集网络的预测机经做做，那么有哪些好的机经预测呢?想必是不少出国人士比较关心的问题。和留学群一起来看看2018年2月4日托福阅读机经预测!欢迎阅读。
2018年2月4日托福阅读机经预测
Passage One
学科分类：History
题目：The collapse ofCopan
本文共3。第1段讲了Mayan的Copan 衰落的第一个原因可能是the king derived from commerce第2段讲trade 的兴衰对于Copan 衰落的影响。第3段讲到干旱 the drought 可能也是使其衰落的原因之一
词汇题：
1. abrupt= sudden
2. derived= obtained
3. core=center
4. presumed=supposed
Passage Two
学科分类：古生物学
题目：Sauropods skeletal innovation
本文共4段。第1段引出人们印象中大部分sauropods 是前肢短小，可以直立的。 第2段讲到不是所有的S都是直立的，一部分前肢和后肢差不多长，而且前后肢离身体中心比较开的一般不是直立的。第3段讲到他们的骨头之前是密度大而且很重的，但是在进化中变得中空。第3段讲到虽然骨头中空，但是如何不会变得week
词汇题：
1. stance= posture
...
2016年11月5日的托福考试即将到来，留学群托福栏目为你带来“托福考试2016年11月5日阅读机经预测”，希望对你有所帮助!
1. Disease的三个历史阶段，第一个infectious阶段，在这之前很少传染病，因为人民居住分散接触不够(有 题)，但农业的发展大大增加了 epidemics，包括土壤里的生物、储存的食物等因素(有否定题，应该是选 rotted那个)。第二阶段是慢性病，医疗发展基本杜绝传染病，但现代人的生活让慢性病比如心脏病肺结核 等更普遍(有题)。第三阶段是现在，抗药性的细菌(有题)和慢性病一起来。
2. 16世纪后r开头的一个词削弱了 artisans的繁荣发展(此处有同义句题)，一些技术的发展使得成本上升， 手工艺人无法承担(此处有题)，原料的买卖大权掌握在big merchant手中(有题)，穷手工艺人只能依靠便宜的local materials(有推断题)，很多独立的producers沦为big merchant的employee，同时，他们又担心rural areas的发展，因为那里成本消费更低，更好招人(有题+总结题)
3.地质学，讲的是大气如何形成。地球上ocean起源什么的。一个原因来源于内部活动，火山什么的。另一个可能是陨石什么的带来的。 (类似:TPO16 的第三篇 Planets in our solar system)
4.蜥蜴(Lizard)，身体的温度是根据环境变化的。还说在沙漠的种类和平常的有什么不同。Lizard是一类冷血动物，他们的体温其实很高，也需要维持正常的生理生长活动，但是他们直接获取周围 的热量而不是自身产热。接着对比了这一类冷血动物和能够自身产热的动物的优缺点。能产热的动物，需要觅食来获取热量，因此容易被天敌发现，一旦缺少食物会生长困难甚至死亡;冷血动物可以适应突然的食物和环境变化，在低温时inactive，但是容易被吃掉。
托福机经栏目推荐阅读：
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