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yuandan is the first day of the lunar calendar. it is the day when the earth has circled the sun for one round and is beginning another circling. it represents a new beginning when people send off the old days and welcome the new ones. as the first day of the year, yuandan has been considered to be the most important festival since the ancient times.
customs
1. kaisui(beginning of the year): according to the chinese traditional custom, starting from haishi(9p.m. to 11p.m.)of the last evening of the twelfth lunar month, each family must prepare offering s to deities at the altar. at the same time, they too prepare food for the new year day: the whole family will then stay awake together to attend to the year(called shou sui). after haishi, zishi(11p.m. to 1a.m.)will come, and this is the arrival of new year(yuandan). at this moment, people begin the celebration with fireworks. vegetarian and sweet foods will then be placed are the altar for offerings, and incense be burned to welcome the deities. in the ancient times, it was believed that haishi connected the two years and thus was called kaisui.
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中国传统节日介绍——元旦
中国的元旦,据传说起于三皇五帝之一的颛顼,距今已有3000多年的历史。“元旦”一词最早出现于《晋书》:“颛帝以孟夏正月为元,其实正朔元旦之春”的诗中。南北朝时,南朝萧子云的《介雅》诗中也有“四季新元旦,万寿初春朝”的记载。
中国最早称农历正月初一为“元旦”,元是“初”、“始”的意思,旦指“日子”,元旦合称即是“初始的日子”,也就是一年的第一天。正月初一从哪日算起,在汉武帝以前也是很不统一的。因此,历代的元旦月、日也并不一致。夏朝的夏历以孟喜月(元月)为正月,商朝的殷历以腊月(十二月)为正月,周朝的周历以冬月(十一月)为正月。秦始皇统一中国后,又以阳春月(十月)为正月,即十月初一为元旦。从汉武帝起,才规定孟喜月(元月)为正月,把孟喜月的第一天(夏历的正月初一)称为元旦,一直沿用到清朝末年。但这是夏历,亦即农历或阴历,还不是我们今天所说的元旦。
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