留学群高中英语语法

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2014高中英语语法汇总

 

  同学们,假期既是休闲、放松的时候,又是学习提高的佳期,善学的学生,总会合理利用假期,给自己充电,为自己的下学期学习打下一个坚实的基础。为了帮助同学们度过一个充实而有意义的假期,留学群高考频道特地准备了一些假期学习套餐,希望同学们依时完成,同时,也希望家长能督促子女完成。祝大家节日快乐!

  2014高中英语语法大全:时态和语态

  2014高中英语语法大全:句子的种类

  2014高中英语语法大全:非谓语动词用法比较

  2014高中英语语法大全:分词

  2014高中英语语法大全:动名词

  2014高中英语语法大全:非谓语动词

  2014高中英语语法大全:主谓一致三原则

  2014高中英语语法大全:谈“more than”与“less than”

  2014高中英语语法大全:There be 句式

  2014高中英语语法大全:情态动词

  2014高中英语语法大全:形容词和副词

  2014高中英语语法大全:代词和数词

  2014高中英语语法大全:介词

  2014高中英语语法大全:冠词

  2014高中英语语法大全:不定式的构成

  2014高中英语语法大全:同位语从句

 ...

2014高中英语语法大全

 

  留学群高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评,请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝,暑假过去了,新学期开始了,不管情愿与否,无论准备与否,我们已走进高三,走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力,在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

  2014高中英语语法大全:时态和语态

  2014高中英语语法大全:句子的种类

  2014高中英语语法大全:非谓语动词用法比较

  2014高中英语语法大全:分词

  2014高中英语语法大全:动名词

  2014高中英语语法大全:非谓语动词

  2014高中英语语法大全:主谓一致三原则

  2014高中英语语法大全:谈“more than”与“less than”

  2014高中英语语法大全:There be 句式

  2014高中英语语法大全:情态动词

  2014高中英语语法大全:形容词和副词

  2014高中英语语法大全:代词和数词

  2014高中英语语法大全:介词

  2014高中英语语法大全:冠词

  2014高中英语语法大全:不定式的构成

  2014高中英语语法大全:同位语从句

  

2014高中英语语法大全:时态和语态

 

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  时态和语态

  一. 动词的时态

  时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时,现在完成进行时。下面分别进行介绍。

1. 一般现在时的用法

  1) 表示经常性,习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征或真理而不表示具体的特定行为。

  句子中常用often,usually,every day等时间状语。例如: He goes to school every day。(经常性动作) He is very happy.(现在的状态) The earth moves around the sun.〈真理〉

  2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时态的形式表示将来。

  If you come this afternoon,we'll have a meeting. When I graduate,I'll go to the countryside.

  3) 有时这个时态表示按计划,规定要发生的动作,(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如begin,come,leave,go,arrive, start,stop,return,open,close等。 The meeting begins at seven.

  The train starts at nine in the morning. 在时。例如:

  I like English very much.

  2. 一般过去时的用法

  4) 表示状态和感觉的动词,如be,like,hate.think, remember, find,sound等常用一般现

  The story sounds very interesting.

  1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。

  He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.

  I used to smoke. He worked in a factory in 1988. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. 2) 表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。例如:

  注意:used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“to be used to+名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于„„’’。例如:

  I am used to the climate here. He is used to swimming in winter.

  ...

2014高中英语语法大全:句子的种类

 

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  句子的种类

  一. 简单句

  一个简单句里只有一个主谓结构(有时可能会有并列的主语或谓语),而谓语又一定是需要限定动词的,因此,通过对限定动词的识别,可以帮助我们判断一个句子是不是简单句,找出其基本结构中缺少或多余的成分。请看以下例句:

  I saw him walking to the office this morning and looking eager to get there and start work. (saw 是限定动词;walking,looking,to get,start都是非限定性动词,即非谓语动词。)

  While cutting trees,one man was nearly killed by a falling tree. (was是限定动词;cutting,killed,falling是非限定动词。)

  You can either stay here or come with us.

  (stay,come都是非限定动词;can是情态动词,can stay or come作谓语。)

  二. 并列句

  1. 并列连词及其使用

  1) 常用的并列连词(或称等立连词)有:and,or,but,for,not only...but(also),either...or,

  nether...nor,both...and.

  2) 除for以外的并列连词都可以用来连接一个单句里的两个并列成分,例如:

  Jenny and I are good friends。 We run,jump and shout for joy together.

  (当有两个以上的并列成分时,一般只在最后两者之间用连词。)

  We go for a walk or watch TV after supper.。

  The bike is quite old but in excellent condition.

  Either your answer or mine is wrong.

  3) 除both...and以外的并列连词还可用来连接两个简单句(或称并列分句),构成并列句。

  She was often late and everybody knew,but no one asked why.

  The old lady doesn't go out in the winter, for she feels the cold a great deal.

  Not only is the teacher himself interested h the subject but a11 his students are beginning to show an inter...

2014高中英语语法大全:非谓语动词用法比较

 

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  非谓语动词用法比较

  一、不定式与动名词作主语时的比较

  不定式和动名词在作主语时常常可以互换: Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的几点:

  1. 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定式做主

  语通常表示具体动作。试比较:

  Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行为)

  He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具体行为) 2. 当主语被否定时,通常用不定式:

  Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions

  3. 在It is important/necessary…的结构中,主语只能用不定式,不用动名词:

  It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+时间等+。¨的结构中,主语常用不定式:

  How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?

  5. 在There is no … 和It is no good …结构中,通常用动名词 二、不定式与动名词作表语时的比较

  不定式和动名词在作表语时常常可以互换: His job is bringing/to bring milk every day

  但是,当不定式作主语时,表语用不定式;动名词作主语时,表语也用动名词。

  To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.

  此外,还应注意以下两点:

  1. 主语是it,this,that等指示代词时,表语通常用动名词:

  That was playing with fire.

  2. 主语是名词时,表语较短时通常用动名词,表语较长时通常用不定式:

  My favorite sport is swimming.

  What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand

  三、不定式与动名词作宾语时的比较

  1. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意义区别不大的动词常见的有:begin,start,cont...

2014高中英语语法大全:分词

 

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  分词

  一、分词的基本概念

  分词有现在分词和过去分词两种,主要在句中要起形容词和副词的作用。它们可以带有自己 的宾语、表语、状语等。

  现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上:

  1. 在语态上,现在分词表示主动的意思,而及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思: the moving body(运动着的物体):the moved body(被移动的物体)。

  示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作几乎是同时发生的;而过去分词表示已完成的动作或己存在的状态,即它所表示的动作一般先于句中谓语动词所表示的动作:

  I saw someone opening the door.

  I saw the door opened.

  二、分词作定语

  分词或分词短语作定语,通常是说明句子中名词的,但有时也说明代词one(ones),that (those),some,others,anything,something等:

  The girl in the next room is his sister.

  Today's computers are of much greater difference those used in the past(说明those)

  1. 现在分词作定语

  1) 表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时常用进行时态):

  The man standing(=Who is standing)at the door is our new maths teacher.

  2) 表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态(变为定语从句时常用一般时态):

  They visited the museum lying(=which lies)nearby .

  语。例如:

  People wishing (= who wished)to see the film star had waited two hours outside the

  cinema.

  4) 除以上情况外,用定语从句比用现在分词短语作定语更好。例如:

  The students who had attended the lecture were discussing it.

  2. 过去分词短语作定语

  1) 意指过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生:

  Is this book written by the young man? A letter posted this morning will probably reach her tomorrow.

  3) 动词wish,want,hope,know,th...

2014高中英语语法大全:动名词

 

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  动名词

  一、动名词作主语

  1. 一般置于句首:

  Reading English is easier than speaking it.

  2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again.

  这类句子结构常见的还有:

  1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.

  2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no„句子结构中做主语: There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.

  这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do„

  二、动名词作表语

  连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:

  Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country. 1. 作动词宾语:

  This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.

  必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有:consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish, give up,cannot help(禁不住),imagine,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,suggest,

  三、动名词作宾语

  pardon,stop,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate等。

  2. 作介词宾语:

  在介词后面,常常用动名词作宾语,这样构成的介词短语常用作定语或状语 There are several ways of doing it.(定语) After finishing the experiments, we wrote down the results.(状语) 这样的介词短语间或作表语: I am for putting the meeting off.

  须接动名词做介词宾语的成语很多,最常见的有:Insist on, think of dream of hear of

...

2014高中英语语法大全:非谓语动词

 

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  非谓语动词

  所谓非谓语动词,顾名思义也就是不能单独用作谓语的动词(但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”),非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法非常广泛、灵活,可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍:

  动词不定式

  一、不定式作主语

  1. 一般置于句首:

  To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.

  2. 常见用it代替它作形式主语,而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾:

  It's our duty to serve the people.

  Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there?

  不可以说:*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea?

  二、不定式作表语

  连系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等常用不定式作表语,如果主语部分有实义动词do时,表语常可用不带to的不定式。例如: My idea is to have a trip on Sunday.

  The only thing I can do now is wait at home. 三、不定式作动词宾语

  1. 动词+不定式:The girl asked to see the headmaster.

  常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有:agree,aim,arrange,ask,choose,decide, demand,pretend,expect,hope,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish,want,hate等。但help后的不定式常可省掉的,如:

  They helped(to)do the cleaning this morning.

  3. 在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中,一般只用it作形式主语。常见:

  2. 动词十疑问词(why除外)+不定式:We must find out what to do next.

  常见能跟“疑问词十不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:decide,find out,forget,know,learn, remember,see,think,understand,wonder等。

  3. 形式宾语it十宾语补足语十不定式

  I felt it my duty to report it to the headmaster. 有时也用:形式宾语it+宾语补足语+for+名词+不定式: All these noises ma...

2014高中英语语法大全:主谓一致三原则

 

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  主谓一致三原则

  英语中主谓一致是指句中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。在做涉及主谓一致的练习时,同学们有时会觉得顾此失彼。究其原因,往往是没有把握住主语的真正内涵,考虑不周全。笔者对此问题作一总结,供同学们参考。一般来说,主谓一致要遵循以下三个原则:

  一、语法一致原则

  主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。

  (1)主语后面有as well as, with, together, along with, but, like, except, including等非并列连接性短语时, 谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响, 仍和主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:

  No one except two boys was late for school.

  There was a bill along with the parce1.

  The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.

  (2)由and或both.„and连接的名词作复合主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

  The red rose and the white rose are very beautifu1.

  Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.

  但要注意, 如果连接的两个名词表示同一概念, 即指同一个人或物时(其特征是and后的名词没有任何冠词), 则主语表示单数意义。例如:

  The secretary and principal of the schoo1 was present at the meeting.

  The writer and poet has decided to be on holiday in Guilin.

  (3)在each.„and each..., every ...and every..., no...and...后分别跟单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

  There is no sound and no voice in the reading room.

  In China every man and every woman has the right to vote on this problem.

  (4) either, each, neither或no +单数名词以及由no, some, any, every等

  构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数形式。例如:

  Is everyone here today?

  Each of us has a...

2014高中英语语法大全:谈“more than”与“less than”

 

  留学群高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评,请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝,暑假过去了,新学期开始了,不管情愿与否,无论准备与否,我们已走进高三,走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力,在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

  谈“more than”与“less than”

  在中学英语学习中,more than和less than的使用频率相当高,用法也较为复杂。笔者在此将其做分别归类,以便同学们在学习中参考。

  一、 more than

  1. more than 可放在数词之前,表示“超过;不止;以上”,用于此意义时可与over互换使

  用。如:

  Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.

  “整个说来,我们这个星球的表面有百分之七十以上为水所覆盖。”

  2. more than 可放在名词之前,表示“不只是;不仅仅”。

  Hibernation is more than sleep. “冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。”

  Bamboo is used for more than building. “竹子不只是用于建筑。”

  3. more than 可用于形容词或副词前,表示“非常;十分”,与very同义。

  She is more than careful.“她非常细心。”

  In class, he listens more than attentively. “在课堂上,他听讲十分认真。”

  4. more than之后接带有can的从句时,常表示“否定意义”。此时,从句中的谓语必须是

  及物动词,并且与句子的主语发生逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:

  This secret is more than we can let out.“这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。”(主语secret是let out的逻辑宾语。)

  比较:less than“不;很少;不到”,具有否定意义。

  a) 接形容词、副词:We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day. “那

  天我们很忙,不高兴有客人来。”

  b) The young man is less than twenty years old. “这个年轻人不到20岁。”

  二、more…than

  1. “与其„不如„”;“是„而不是„”,常可与“rather than或not so much…as”互换使用。

  He is more like a spear than anything else.

  = He is like a spear rather than anything else.

  = He is not so...