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托福考试:新托福独立写作的定律
曾有一位学生,其独立写作开头和结尾让我觉得回到了历史,不仅能看出是生搬硬套,而且比较别扭。
一问,果然两段分别改自莎士比亚《暴风雨》选段及英译荷马史诗。其实,该生的语言天赋和功底都很好,但在追求高分的过程中走入了误区。一个是语言风格上的混合错误:正式语言与非正式语言反差过大,现代英语中掺杂古英语或旧式英语;另一个是词语搭配错误。这亦是中国学生普遍的问题所在。
我们一定要注意到,写作是应用写作(practical writing),非创造性写作(creative writing),即考察学生的语言表述能力,而不是文学创作能力。无论是综合写作还是独立写作,考生追求的基本目标是把想说的意思用书面英语表达清楚,让阅卷人读懂和明白。从语言角度来说,有两大标准,即准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确,又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思,从语言角度来说已经符合托福考试的高分要求。
先来说说准确性。譬如这样一个句子:My writing ability increased by reading many books. 拆开来看,每个英文单词对应的中文意思是对的。但存在一个问题,ability和increase是不搭配的。任何一个单词,都不能单纯地说用得好不好。语言是讲究搭配的,简单常见的...
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